Mosaic tiles6/13/2023 ![]() So, let's get into each type that you can choose from.īeing the original mosaic surface, natural stone mosaics have been used for interior decorating for thousands of years in cultures all around the world. With so many different types of mosaic tiles to choose from, you could replicate any design already out there and still make it original by using different types of tiles. Their lustrous beauty was also prized for its decorative impact in St. Glass mosaics first appeared in Egypt 3,500 years ago, traveled to Greece and India, then onto the Byzantine Empire and the West. Originally, they were assembled from small, hand-cut pieces of stone, glass or ceramic set in mortar to create a pattern or picture. They can come in a variety of patterns and colors, which makes mosaic tiles one of the more accessible materials on the market for drawing more attention to a wall or countertop. The term mosaic essentially means a design that's comprised of many smaller pieces of tile. Mosaics have long been used as a creative way to piece together an elaborate work of art or pattern. Now let's start learning all about mosaic tile! WHAT ARE MOSAIC TILES? Whether you're looking for a style that will help bring the room together, or want to make an area of your home stand out above the rest, installing mosaics can help put an exclamation point on your décor plans. From an interior design standpoint, it's hard to argue that there's a more enticing material for your home than mosaic tile.
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Mcdonalds coffee caffeine content6/13/2023 ![]() Taking a caffeine supplement in pill form would be the easiest and most economical way to get the right dose. However, most people have no idea how much they consume on any given day. This is how most people get caffeine on a daily basis. To aid in fat loss, take this dose every day:Ģ00-400 mg before as well as after training What is the best way to get the right amount of caffeine?Ĭaffeine can be found in lots of popular drinks, coffee being the most obvious. To improve workout performance, take the following caffeine dose on training days: How much caffeine should I take? What is the right dose? Improves mental focus, helping to increase intensity during weight training.It expands the airways in your lungs, increasing flow of oxygen to your musclesĭuring cardio and aerobic activity (even more fat loss!).Boosts your body’s metabolism, which causes even more fat to be burned (more fat.Helps release fat into the bloodstream to be used for fuel (fat loss).With the effects of adenosine being minimized, your brain is more alert, helping you to stay awake when tired, but also to help you feel more energized when you are not tired! What other effects does caffeine have? Caffeine is actually a psychoactive drug that works in the nervous system to block the signals of adenosine, which makes you feel tired. It may be listed as caffeine anhydrous, which simply means that all the water or moisture has been removed. Look on the labels of almost any pre- workout supplement or energy drink and you will find it contains anywhere from 50 to 200 mg of caffeine. But did you know that it is also a potent bodybuilders supplement? And rightly so! Everyone is very familiar with caffeine, as most Americans consume multiple cups of coffee each day. Here is a list of the caffeine content of McDonalds and other popular coffees*: CoffeeĬheck out this link for more nutrition information on McDonalds Coffee and other foods.Ĭaffeine (trimethylxanthine) has recently been called “Bodybuilding’s Best Drug” by Flex Magazine. Click here for caffeine content of Starbucks coffee. As you can see, there are more milligrams of caffeine in a 16 oz cup of Dunkin Donuts than mg of caffeine in a large 16 oz. ![]() How much caffeine in a cup of coffee is determined by the beans used, the processing methods, and the brewing process. Caffeine content depends greatly on whose coffee you are drinking. The amount of caffeine in a cup of McDonalds coffee can vary from a cup of Starbucks coffee. Disney mp3 player6/13/2023 ![]() The Clip Sport also includes 8GB of onboard flash storage, as well as an SD card slot that allows for more storage space to be added in later.Ĭapable of handling most non-hi-res 16-bit audio file types (including FLAC files), this little guy is perfectly equipped for a marathon or a Tough Mudder. The player features an LCD screen so you don't need to rely on the "shuffle" function. ![]() What the Clip Sport lacks in audio quality, it more than makes up for with several useful features and rock-solid 25-hour battery life.Īpart from the eponymous clip, SanDisk equipped this workout buddy with an FM radio tuner so you can listen to your favorite morning talk show as you take your brisk pre-breakfast stroll. Thankfully, MP3 players with clips - like the SanDisk Clip Sport - were built specifically to resolve that issue. If you're running, the phone is probably bouncing uncomfortably in your pocket, or you're forced to hold it with a vice grip because you wore shorts without pockets (stop forgetting the shorts with pockets!). Using your smartphone to listen to music while exercising is nearly always a hassle. Who it's for: Anyone looking to listen to music while they work out. Why you should buy this: It's lightweight, durable, and built for exercise, with reasonable storage capacity and excellent battery life. With its up to 45-hour battery life (this is depending on the file type and whether ambient sound mode is on or off), brilliant color touchscreen, and Bluetooth headphone capabilities, the Sony NW-A55/B Walkman is a well-balanced package of performance and value, earning it top honors. That's on top of the player's S-Master HX noise filtering and DSee HX upscaling, which enhances even the most compressed of audio files. Speaking of the latter: The NW-A55/B supports High-Res Audio playback, meaning you'll be getting sound that is even richer than the type of audio you'd find on a CD (where applicable). And it's no coincidence that the Sony NW-A55/B Walkman MP3 player just so happens to be our favorite portable audio device you can nab right now, but that said, they're getting harder and harder to come by.įeaturing a state-of-the-art design and engineering, gold-plated circuit boards, and premium aluminum are utilized for faithful sound delivery and low impedance, ensuring the bones of the NW-A55/B are just as strong as the audio formats the player supports, which include MP3, WAV, FLAC, Apple Lossless, WMA, AIFF, and more. ![]() When it comes to audio reproduction, Sony is one of the strongest names on the market, especially when it comes to the brand's industry-leading MP3 players. Who it's for: Those looking for a dedicated audio device that is packed with some of today's best listening tech. Why you should buy this: You want a fantastic MP3 player with powerful audio capabilities at an awesome price. Gold wine glasses6/13/2023 It’s not the ideal glass for say, a Left Bank Bordeaux, but for a nightcap or a glass-with-dinner, Riedel’s Ouverture series is an excellent score. ![]() A high quality stemmed universal wine glass will accommodate most, if not all, wines across the spectrum.” “Simply stated, life is simpler with a universal or all-purpose wine glass. “The concept of buying varietal specific glasses is antiquated and can be quite overwhelming,” notes Justin Wilson, the director of outlets at SAAM Lounge. The short stem gives it balance, but is long enough to allow enough room to aerate your wine.Įven though it is crafted from machine-made crystal, the glass feels delicate and elegant enough to upgrade your daily drinking routine (though at this price point, you won’t flinch if you break one). It’s got a slender bowl and a thin lip that will showcase tannic reds, effervescent bubbles, fizzy beers, and bright whites equally well. While there will always be discourse around what glass is perfect for whites and reds, Riedel’s everyday-ready glass makes a case for sipping everything out of the same glass. “When pouring the wine and holding the glass up, you cannot feel it exists the glass is nearly transparent, both visually and physically,” she says.“ makes the wine taste even more majestic than it usually does.” If you’re looking for something that looks and feels luxurious, these Bordeaux glasses-designed for rich, full-bodied reds-are your best bet. ![]() “One of the major superiorities about Zalto Denk'Art Wine Glasses lies in how light ,” says Tsiddon. The beauty of these 23-ounce style-specific glasses, she says, is the combination of elegant, clean lines, thoughtful design inspired by the Earth’s tilt angles, and its versatility to function in both a fine dining setting and in a cabinet at home. This Austrian-brand was even one of the first to introduce hand-crafted and mouth-blown functional glasses to the market, according to Shira Tsiddon, sommelier at The Norman Hotel in Tel Aviv. Here are some of the industry’s top picks for any occasion.Īsk any professional, and they’ll tell you that Zalto is somewhat of an icon in the world of wine, with the Denk’Art line among its most widely beloved. It’s also worth considering whether or not you mind handwashing glasses or would find a dishwasher-safe glass more suited to your needs. No matter what your own glassware philosophy might be, it’s safe to say that durability and versatility are important things to consider when looking for new wine glasses. ![]() “You don’t need a burgundy wine glass to drink burgundy.” Still, specialized glasses will always have their place in fine dining and for the serious, at-home drinker. “People want to simplify the wine drinking experience,” she says. ![]() “I’ve noticed that people aren’t into individual glass shapes as much as they used to be,” says Doreen Winkler, a natural wine sommelier and founder of the wine club Orange Glou. Getting insights from wine experts, though, can ease the process––especially now that the wine scene is moving toward a more pared-down approach to glassware. With so many styles available at a wide range of price points, shopping for wine glasses can be overwhelming. Sony samba interactive tv6/13/2023 ![]() ![]() But the picture quality took a major hit. ![]() The UI responsiveness did pick up - it was halfway abysmal, before. My parents have a somewhat older "smart TV" - Samsung. Time to hit eBay for those boxes of DVD's I've heard about, before everyone else catches on and they dry up. I feel like a sucker for having put my money into a system that perpetuates these schemes, for too long. If, because the media degrade or the playback devices abandon functionality or get more locked down, the lifespan of what I've purchased is limited, I no longer have any qualms - other than "lead pipe" law enforcement - about breaking protections and making a sustainable copy. If I can get off my duff and do it, it's time for me to stop paying for streaming content and put the money instead towards purchases where I end up with a physical copy, more or less in perpetuity. If I'm going to stream, it's going to be out of a separate box, that I can segregate and replace when it's warranted. Nonetheless, connectivity I set up and control. I want good hardware with a lot of hardware connectivity - preferably open connectivity, but that ship has already sailed in good part. I've paid for streaming for a number of years, while more than half worrying I was just making myself a sucker.Īnd, sure enough, the libraries have gone downhill while the prices have gone up, and my money seems to just be going to lawyers and technology to ever-more lock things down, while content is balkanized to maximize what I've come to consider rent-seeking. You might also wanna have a look at Chromecast alternatives such as Miracast devices or Amazon Fire Stick (the ethernet adapter came free with Chromecast Ultra but for the other Chromecasts it costs 20 EUR extra). Other than that, its a great TV for its price. I can also plug in a Bluetooth USB adapter on my USB hub to listen via Bluetooth on the couch to the TV. Instead of the Steam Link I could even just run a HDMI cable straight from computer. The caveat is that my smart devices, although wired, are currently NOT on a VLAN, and that Chromecast is a data resource for Google, and as I mentioned the EPG data on the TV contains commercials. Then again, I got a 8 port gbit switch for connectivity and barely any wires visible. I find on all of these wired far more reliable, and I keep more bandwidth for my wireless applications. Advantage to that is that I am allowed to skip ads on local recordings (if I use remote recordings though, only on public broadcast TV, and they only last for a week).Ĭhromecast is basically a smart TV on a stick, controlled with a remote from smartphone (and partly, even the remote control of the TV). So I just use my settopbox to watch & record. Using Netflix native on it, goes quicker than via Chromecast. My Philips start TV can connect wired or wireless. That I could just plug this into any display panel, including dumb displays. I really wish that provided a TV box that was the full Android TV, but that was vanilla Google with the ability to install as apps. But when and other content providers decline the use of their apps outside of integrated devices this is the hell we live in. Ideally you run a TV on a different VLAN.Īnd this is where I wish that dumb panels were all the rage, and that the only "smart" functionality was external to the display itself. And that all other devices best require passwords to connect to them. This is a good time to say that if you own a "Smart TV" from any company you should run it on a different network than your NAS and other computers. use Android system settings to disable the app. don't agree to their T&Cs post OS upgrade. Samba is not a feature for you, it is a snitch in your living room, snitching on everything you watch on your TV, it's a feature for corporations only. If you have a "Smart TV" from any brand and it's doing an update you will 100% want to disable Samba. but it is also used to "Detect, investigate and prevent fraudulent transactions and other illegal activities and protect the rights, safety and property of Samba and others" This information is then used to market to you within the TV and offer you a "hot list". this is worse than recent stuff.įrom their own privacy policy: … they track what you watch, when you watch it, your location, your interactions with other apps. My "smart" TV has updated itself and tried to force me to use a new app from and boy oh boy. I'm the author and linking to my tweets is a bad idea because they auto-delete after 14 days.įor future HN context, as the author I'm reproducing them here in full: Outriders a free market bug6/13/2023 The tanky Devastator heals by dealing close-range damage, the roguish Trickster heals using temporal abilities, the self-explanatory Pyromancer heals by setting enemies on fire, and the Technomancer - the closest thing to a support character in this game - has abilities dedicated to healing themselves and the team. Each of the four playable classes has its own way of healing. ![]() This is usually done by tying healing to player aggression, which stops players from turtling and encourages them to get into the fight as often as they can. As the name suggests, this kind of combat is designed to encourage players to constantly push forward and be aggressive. People Can Fly have employed what’s come to be known as push-forward combat, originally popularised by Bloodborne and subsequently named so and canonized by id Software with 2016’s DOOM. Beneath the dude shooter veneer, Outriders is a very different beast. And while the game does resemble Gears in a quaint sort of way with the grey-brown colour palette in the early stages and the combat arenas shamelessly littered with waist-high walls, the resemblance is only skin-deep. Leading up to launch and through early impressions from the demos, Outriders was garnering some rather unfair comparisons to Gears of War (a series that People Can Fly have previously worked on). And I wanted to get all of the caveats out of the way before telling you why Outriders is easily the best game I’ve played in 2020 so far. I’m trying a different approach here because through all the server shutdowns, technical issues, and inventory wipes, I still enjoyed the living hell out of it. If you’ve read my reviews before, you know I tend to start with the good stuff and leave the bad stuff for the end. Now, a little over two weeks from launch, the servers are rock solid, the inventory wipe bug has reportedly been rectified, and multiple patches have improved technical performance across all platforms, but I still can’t progress beyond that one mission on PS4. Stuttering issues on PC, a hilarious bug on consoles that made a button prompt fail to appear in a main quest, completely barring any story progress beyond that point (that one happened to me). The much touted and anticipated cross-play feature simply did not work for a long time, people on PS5 were falling through the floor, other people’s entire loadouts were disappearing, rendering 40+ hours of grinding completely void. The server issues were virtually non-existent within a week of launch, only to then give way to potentially more damning technical issues. But if you’re worried why a narrative focused single-player game that’s not a live-service needs always-online servers, I’m wondering the same thing. ![]() The thing that kept me patient and waiting was the “we got this” attitude demonstrated by the developers and community managers at People Can Fly (seriously, shout-out to community managers, they have one of the toughest jobs in gamedev). Near-constant server issues made it impossible to get into the game, and if you did, it wouldn’t be long before you were kicked out. Yet as the report mentions, "there can be no assurance" about profitability in future.For the first three days or so after launch, Outriders was essentially unplayable. Indeed, an Outriders endgame overhaul is coming with the Worldslayer DLC which launches in June. ![]() People Can Fly initially hinted that Outriders hadn't yet been profitable back in August of last year, and added that it was hopeful of royalties being paid later since additional work was still to be done on the game. This was confirmed by the royalty statement for the fourth quarter of 2021, received by the group from the publisher." The report goes on to add, "There can be no assurance that net proceeds from the sale of Outriders in future periods will be sufficient for the publisher to recover the costs incurred and to pay royalties to the group." The group received no royalties from the publisher for the period to December 31st 2021, which means that as at the reporting date net proceeds from the sale of Outriders were insufficient to recover the costs and expenses incurred by the publisher to develop, distribute and promote the title. "The level of royalties depends on the amount of specific proceeds from the game’s sales. "Since the game was completed and placed on the market (which happened on April 1st 2021), the company has been entitled to royalties payable if specific proceeds (as defined in the agreement) from its sales ensure that the publisher recovers a predetermined level of costs incurred in connection with the development, promotion and distribution of the game," the report reads. Towermadness 2 kronos bobsled creek6/13/2023 ![]() All around great free to play game and definitely worth the install! Glad I found this game and great work to the team for not being scummy and money-grabbing! <3Īnother great game ruined by in-app purchase mania You're able to get a VERY decent amount of wool by watching ads, which I'll happily contribute to. This is exactly the type of game I was looking for when searching for tower defense games! You can route the enemies to go where you'd like, adding an extra dimension to the strategy behind the gameplay. The tutorial is slow progressing and simple, yet difficult enough to force you to pay attention to what's going on in a straight forward way. ![]() You're able to focus on the game and not worry about getting an ad every single time you finish a level. I haven't gotten a single ad that I haven't purposely opted into, and to me that already signifies a great game. Then it pollitely asked me if I'd like to rate it, which is what I chose to do. When this game prompted me if I liked it, I said yes. We appreciate your support, but we won’t pressure you to buy anything inside the game. Play with a gamepad for a console like gaming experience.Īll In-App Purchases are strictly optional. Save your game progress and restore it to any of your iCloud enabled devices. ![]() Xen the shopkeeper offers you special deals on the latest alien weapon technology so you can give the invaders a taste of their own medicine!ĭesigned for iPhone, iPod Touch, and iPad. Introducing Bo the ram, a powerful new defender against the alien invasion. Updated versions of your favorite original Tower Madness weapons like the flamethrower, plus all new towers including the Stun Gun, Shrink Tower, and more!ġ6 different alien enemies with unique abilities and weaknesses. Tower Madness 2 boasts 70 exciting maps to master over 7 campaigns on varying environments, each with unique gameplay challenges. Protect your flock using quick thinking and an arsenal of awesome weapons. The aliens are back, and this time they’re on a mission to turn your beloved sheep into sweaters for their emperor! The sequel to the hit tower strategy adventure TowerMadness is finally here. Home sweet home 3d6/13/2023 ![]() The “Split Object Instances” option can split a compound object into separate objects. And re-import only the objects you need to view from the inside with this option switched on. Our advice is to import all objects with the “Make all surfaces double-sided” option off. So, to simplify 3D models of these objects and decrease their size, faces of invisible object parts are not needed. Adding faces leads to increasing the 3D object size, which results in increasing the document size. Most of the objects can be viewed only from the outside, like a sofa or any other furniture item. The lack of these faces will make some parts of an object invisible. The app applies color and texture to these faces to make them visible.īut, if you need to look at the box from the inside as well, each of its sides should have two faces, inner and outer, to make them visible. Live Home 3D creates faces for each side. When you import a 3D model of a box and look at it from the outside, you will see one side of each surface. Make All Surfaces Double-Sided to Avoid Invisible Surfaces ![]() When applying the materials to one cube side, all sides will get the new material. If the cube is imported again with this option activated, it will have the same look, though the 3D model will differ.It is possible to change the material of any cube side. If the sides of the cube have the same material, and this option is off, all the sides have the original material.If the cube has the same material on all sides: If you switch this option on and off, the result will be the same. If the cube has different materials on each side, it has no similar materials. Below is a short explanation of how this works with the two cubes. This optimization limits application of different materials to separate model parts. Remove excessive details from the model to simplify it and increase the rendering speed. Obs multiplatform quicksync6/13/2023 The edges will change to green to show it’s being cropped. ![]() If you need to crop a source, hold the ALT key, and drag the bounding box. This is the bounding box, and can be used to position sources within the preview as well as make the source larger or smaller. When a Source is selected in the Sources list, you will see a red box that shows up around it. Any time you see an eye icon, you can click it to show or hide the associated item with it (this applies to filters as well). This can also be useful for situations where you want something on top of another source, like a webcam to show over your gameplay. A Source that is listed above another Source in the list will be on top and might hide what’s beneath it. You can re-align sources in the preview and change their order by using drag and drop in the list or using the up and down arrow buttons. The same way you can add any other sources, for example you can add your webcam, any image, text file, or even donations. It’s pretty easy, doesn’t it? There are a lot of source types. Set mode to “capture specific window” and select a window that you want to capture. Click the “+” icon under the “sources” panel and then click “game capture” or “window capture” depending on your needs. Start OBS and a game or program which you want to capture. By default, the first scene hasn’t any sources. It’s useful when you want to create different scenes for different games or IRL streams, etc. You can create several scenes with different sources and switch between them. The Scene is your main working area where you can control the view of your stream: add sources such as game, chat or webcam. You can try to use it if you have performance problems with x264 and QSV. Available only on systems that support those encoders. AMD Advanced Media Framework (AMF) has a better performance but worse quality than NVENC, QSV, and x264.QSV may require UEFI/BIOS configuration to enable it (in most cases you need to enable “Multi-Monitor” or “Internal Graphics” setting)You can try QSV if you have performance problems with x264.Due to the low quality of early iterations of QSV, Intel Core-i-CPU 4xxx (Haswell) or newer is recommended. Intel HD Graphics GPU on Intel Core-i-CPU 2xxx (Sandy Bridge) or newer. Available only on systems with processors that support Intel QSV. QSV aka Intel Quick Sync Video has medium quality and performance.Currently, all consumer-level hardware encoders are provided by certain GPUs, as listed below. They offer minimal performance impact in exchange for a reduction in quality at the same bitrates as NVENC or software ( x264) encoding using the default preset of veryfast. They can be a last resort if NVIDIA NVENC H.264 or software encoding ( x264) is not possible. Hardware encoders (except the NVIDIA NVENC H.264) are generally recommended for local recordings, but not streaming. This is why “veryfast” is recommended as the best balance between quality and performance. All other presets after 3rd have a big difference in performance but almost have not any difference in quality. “ultrafast” has the best performance and worst quality, and “placebo” has the worst performance(very high load of the processor) and best quality.īut in fact, only the first 3 are useful for streaming purposes and have a significant difference in quality. ![]() They are arranged in ascending order of quality and descending of performance, i.e. ![]() But keep in mind what x264 is the most processor-intensive encoder and you need a good processor to use x264 without lags in processor-intensive games. x264 is recommended to use for the best quality if NVIDIA NVENC H.264 is not available on your hardware.NVIDIA NVENC H.264 is the best encoder in terms of quality and performance (as of 2020).Twitch, YouTube, etc.)Įncoders and Quality Presets Recommended encoders: Setup of video and audio options which are meet the recommendations of your streaming platform (eg.Getting and entering of your credentials for streaming service (URL and Stream key).The process of OBS setup for streaming can be divided into two main stages: Intel GPU drivers are usually available from your motherboard manufacturer, but can also be found here.Please make sure to use the latest drivers for your GPU: YouTube (streaming guide about this platform coming soon).We also recommend you read tutorials with specific instructions for your live streaming video platform: This streaming guide is about general OBS settings. In this tutorial we’ll tell you about OBS settings and features, which are you need to know to perform your live streams. Scapple fernindina beach fl6/13/2023 ![]() Once under the ownership of the Seaboard Air Line, the Florida Railroad between Baldwin and Waldo would become part of the company's main line. In 1900, a year after purchasing the majority of FC&P stock, the newly organized Seaboard Air Line Railway leased the FC&P and, in 1903, acquired it outright. The Florida Transit and Peninsular Railroad was merged with the Florida Central and Western Railroad, Fernandina and Jacksonville Railroad, and Leesburg and Indian River Railroad in 1884-85 to form the Florida Railway and Navigation Company. The company was restructured again as the Florida Transit and Peninsular Railroad in 1883. Due to financial difficulties, the Atlantic, Gulf and West India Transit Company was reorganized as the Florida Transit Company in 1881, under the control of Sir Edward James Reed. In the meantime, the Atlantic, Gulf and West India Transit Company had leased the Fernandina and Jacksonville Railroad, providing a connection from its tracks at Hart's Road (later Yulee, Florida) to Jacksonville, Florida. The newly reorganized company began construction of the long-promised line to Tampa through subsidiary companies: the Peninsular Railroad operated the line from the connection with the Florida Railroad at Waldo to Ocala and Silver Springs, while the Tropical Florida Railroad ran from Ocala to Wildwood. In 1872 the Florida Railroad was reorganized as the Atlantic, Gulf and West India Transit Company, still under the control of the Dickerson syndicate. The railroad was auctioned off, and bought back by the Dickerson syndicate for twenty percent of the original value of the bonds. The Dickerson syndicate resumed operation of the Florida Railroad after the war, but with much of the railroad's equipment, facilities and track destroyed or seized, the company did not do well, and defaulted on its bonds to the Internal Improvement Fund in 1866. : 34–37, 40ġ939 image of Cedar Key showing the Florida Railroad's former right of way and trestle remnants Union forces had also destroyed 30 miles of track leading from Cedar Key. In 1864, the Confederate States Army pulled up rails from the Florida Railroad to use on a new rail line from Live Oak, Florida to Lawton, Georgia (now known as DuPont. Shells fired by the USS Ottawa damaged the last train leaving Fernandina, killing or injuring several passengers, and almost killing Senator Yulee. In March 1862 a Union squadron seized Fernandina. The USS Hatteras raided Cedar Key in January 1862, destroying the railroad's rolling stock and buildings. The Florida Railroad was adversely affected by the Civil War. At 156 miles in length, it was the longest railroad to be completed in Florida before the start of the American Civil War. Other towns served by the railroad included Callahan, Baldwin, Waldo and Archer. The line was completed to Gainesville in 1859 and Cedar Key in 1861. Yulee had to surrender a majority interest in the railroad to a northern investment syndicate headed by Edward Dickerson to save the company. By 1858 the rail line was open between Fernandina and Starke, but the Panic of 1857 had left the railroad on the edge of bankruptcy. Construction started in Fernandina in 1855. ![]() Yulee decided to complete the line to Cedar Key first, leaving the connection to Tampa for later. The president and chief stockholder of the Florida Railroad was U.S. ![]() Mary's River) to Tampa, Florida, with a branch to Cedar Key. In 1853 the Florida Legislature chartered the Florida Railroad to build a 5 ft ( 1,524 mm) gauge rail line from Fernandina (near the mouth of the St. Mary's River and Cedar Key in the Territory of Florida. In 1842 the United States Congress commissioned a survey of a route for a railroad between the St. A railroad across the northern end of the Florida peninsula would allow cargoes from ships in the Gulf of Mexico to be transferred to ships in the Atlantic Ocean, and vice versa, without the risk of passage through the Straits of Florida, while cutting 800 miles off the trip. Prior to the 20th century many ships were wrecked around the southern end of the Florida peninsula. The shipping route between the east coast and gulf coast of the United States passes through the Straits of Florida, close to the Florida Reef that lies just off the Florida Keys. |